Los sensores con salida digital para funcionar correctamente necesitan consumir potencia para funcionamiento del circuito de control. Además, el circuito de salida debe completar un lazo con la fuente de alimentación y la carga. Esto se hace de formas distintas conectando a tres hilos y a dos hilos.
Conexión a tres hilos
La conexión a tres hilos es la más común. Dos de los hilos son la alimentación del sensor y el tercer hilo va conectado a la salida del sensor, internamente uno de los cables de alimentación debe ir al circuito de salida para suministrar energía a la carga, tal como se muestra en la siguiente figura.
Conexión a tres hilos
Conexión a dos hilos
En la conexión a dos hilos, estos sirven para conectar el circuito de salida a la carga. El sensor puede ser visto como un interruptor, y necesariamente los mismos dos hilos alimentan el sensor.
Conexión a dos hilos
Algunos aspectos a tomar en consideración, en la conexión a dos hilos, son los siguientes:
- La potencia que consume el sensor viene dado por el producto de la tensión en sus extremos por la corriente que circula a través de él (Ps=vs*is).
- La tensión de la carga es la diferencia entre la tensión de la fuente de alimentación y el voltaje del sensor.
- Cuando el sensor está activo, la salida del sensor conduce alimentando a la carga, en estas condiciones el voltaje en los extremos del sensor cae a un valor muy pequeño, lo suficiente como para que la tensión que llega a la carga proveniente de la fuente de alimentación pueda activarla.
- Cuando la salida del sensor no conduce, la corriente que circula por el lazo carga, sensor fuente, es suficientemente pequeña para que la carga no se active y suficientemente grande para suministrar al sensor la potencia necesaria para su funcionamiento.
- El voltaje (vs) y la corriente (is) del sensor no pueden caer a cero. Si esto ocurriera la potencia de funcionamiento del sensor también sería igual a cero y el sensor dejaría de funcionar.
En este sentido no cualquier carga se puede conectar con un sensor de dos hilos. Sólo aquellas cuya corriente necesaria para su activación sea menor que la corriente del sensor (is) cuando su salida no conduce. Una ventaja clara del sensor de dos hilos es la cantidad de conductores necesarios para el cableado.
Conexión en serie y Paralelo
La siguiente figura muestra cómo se conectan en serie y paralelo los sensores de dos y tres hilos.
Conexión en serie y paralelo
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HOLA TENGO UN POSICIONADOR SIEMENS ESTE RECIBE UNA SEÑAL DE 4-20MA DE 2 HILOS PERO POR ERROE COMOPRE UNO DE 3 HILOS CON HART MI PREGUNTA ES SI LOS PUEDO CONECTAR 2 HILOS LA SENAL HACIA EL POSICIONADOR DEL PLC ES DE 2 HILOS
Buen día tengo una tarjeta de entrada digital (Positivo 24 VCD y Negativo 0 VCD) esta entrada va a un interruptor de nivel (Flotador con micro NC). ¿Cómo se conectaría un sensor PNP de 3 hilos en mi lazo de 2 hilos.? Saludos
Quiero saber porque algunos tienen en su instalación tres hilos y otros solo dos?,
Cuales son las ventajas de 3 hilos para el suministro?
esa es una buena pregunta, Yo suguiero que se use sensores de tres hilos. la única ventaja de el sensor de dos hilos es que te ahorras un cable, que además es barato, pero son más suceptibles al ruido lo que implica una clara desventaja.
Buenas tardes. EN caso contrario, si yo tengo un sensor de 2 hilos, puedo adaptarlo a una instalación que ya esta dispuesta para un sensor de tres hilos.
Si puedes hacerlo, los tres hilos son alimentación, retorno de alimentación y señal, en el caso de dos hilos usarias sólo alimetación y señal.
Me gustaria saber las ventajas de un sensor de dos hilos respecto a la de tres hilos, gracias.
Sólo la cantidad de cable usado, se nota más en distancias largas. Yo particularmente prefiero los de tres hilos, salvo en condiciones muy especificas.
Llevo 13 años trabajando con Instrumentación Electrónica y Neúmatica, nunca me había interesado por el tema electrico de sensores e interruptores pero veo que es una materia importantisima para mejorar mis conocimientos y por ende el perfil. necesito aprender más acerca de este tema. Gracias por la explicación… complementaré.
Saludos … sería interesante evaluar la confiabilidad del sistema para ambas conexiones !!!
Eduardo, seguro que el de tres hilos es más confiable.
disculpen como puedo conectarle a un sensor de 2 hilos uno de 3 hilos.
o solo anulo el negro o se adapta a otro?
No comprendo bien la pregunta, ¿Tienes conectado un sensor de dos hilos y lo quieres cambar por uno de tres hilos?¿Es eso?
Buenas tardes, igual que Miguel, tengo una conexión de dos hilos, puedo poner un sensor de tres hilos?
Si claro que puedes, tal como se muestra en gráfica, la carga (generalmente una entrada de un controlador) tiene dos puntos de conexión uno es el punto de entrada que va a la salida del sensor y el otro punto es el común (se conectara dependiendo del tipo de entrada: 24V para PNP, 0V para NPN, o N para 120VAC). Los otros dos hilos del sensor van a la alimentación.
Es cierto los colores de cable varía de acuerdo a la procedencia del equipo, lo mejor que se puede hacer antes de conectar un sensor es revisar su Hoja técnica para así poder realizar una conexión correcta.
Seria interesante saber el color de los hilos de los sensores.
Yo recomendaría buscar la hoja de datos del sensor y asegurarse de la función de cada hilo según el color, ya que no todos siguen una misma norma. Los mas común para sensores dc de 3 hilos es Marrón V+, Azul V-, Negro carga (NA) y/o Blanco carga (NC). En AC y DC dos hilos Marron L1 y Azul carga o salida.