¿Qué es una interfaz de operación o HMI?
Una interfaz de operación es un dispositivo mediante el cual el operador se comunica con el controlador de un proceso. El operador suministra ordenes o comandos. El controlador responde con el estado del proceso. Las interfaces de operación también son conocidas como human machine interface o HMI.
Interfaz de operación
Niveles de la interfaz de operación
Existen una variedad de maneras en la que se puede implementar una interfaz de operación.
Nivel 1
En el nivel más simple.Las ordenes se suministran por botones, selectores y/o interruptores BCD conectados a las entradas del controlador. El estado se conoce por medio de luces pilotos y/o indicadores BCD conectados a las salidas.
Botones y Luces
Nivel 2
Son los dispositivos alfanuméricos, teclados y pantallas. Algunos dispositivos traen el teclados y la pantalla integrados. El operador suministra un comando a través del teclado. El comando es una cadena de caracteres alfanuméricos o asignando una acción específica a una tecla, como la marcha o la parada de un motor. El controlador muestra el estado del proceso por medio de mensajes en la pantalla. Los dispositivos alfanuméricos se conectan al controlador a través de redes seriales.
Afanumericos
Nivel 3.
Son los paneles gráficos de operación. Los cuales son dispositivos electrónicos que pueden ejecutar un archivo desarrollado en un PC y descargado vía serial al panel. El archivo normalmente contiene pantallas. Las contienen controles como botones, entradas numéricas, entradas alfanuméricas, indicadores numéricos e indicadores alfanuméricos entre otros. Todo lo que se hace con los dos niveles anteriores se puede hacer con un panel gráfico. Además incluye otras funciones como alarmas, tendencias y mensajes. Algunos ejemplos de estos paneles son Panel View de Rockwell Automation y Magelis de Schneider Electrics.
Panel gráfico
Nivel 4
Son los computadores. Estos se diferencian de los paneles en que tienen una hardware con la capacidad de ejecutar sistemas operativos más avanzados, con capacidades de memoria mucho mayores. En un PC se pueden ejecutar archivos con más y mejores características que en los paneles de operación. Por supuesto que el computador debe estar corriendo la aplicación que permite ejecutar estos archivos. A estos software se les denominan HMI (human machine interface). Algunos ejemplos de estos software son Factorytalk View Site Edition de Rockwell automation y Woderware InTouch de Schneider Electric.
Software HMI
En general, la interfaz de operación de un proceso industrial va a estar conformada por la combinación de diferentes dispositivos de los mencionados anteriormente.
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