En un plano eléctrico a cada símbolo se le asocia un nombre con el cual se va a conocer al dispositivo dentro del conjunto de planos, en otros documentos asociados al sistema y en el propio dispositivo una vez que es instalado en campo, esto es lo que se conoce como nomenclatura. Hay muchas formas de escoger el nombre y depende del diseñador, se explicarán dos maneras de uso muy frecuente.
Forma 1
El nombre para el símbolo está formado por dos partes, la clase y el número. Por ejemplo en las siglas Q3 la Q se refiere a un interruptor de protección, el número 3 se usa para distinguir en caso de que existan varias protecciones. Es frecuente combinar más de una letra para la clase, por ejemplo la letra K se refiere a un relé o a un contactor (arrancador), si la combinamos con la M entonces KM se refiere al contactor (arrancador) de un motor. Según la norma IEC750 el nombre debe comenzar con un guión, por ejemplo –Q3A.
Forma 2
El nombre para el símbolo está formado por tres partes, el número del plano, la clase y la ubicación en el plano. Por ejemplo 1Q15 se refiere a un interruptor de protección que se encuentra en el plano 1, franja 15 (los planos suelen dividirse en franjas o cuadrantes que facilitan la ubicación de los elementos). En una variante de esta forma, la ubicación en el plano suele cambiarse por números consecutivos por ejemplo si en el plano 1 hay dos interruptores de protección sus nombres serían 1Q1 y 1Q2.
A continuación se muestra una tabla para las letras que se usan en la clase.
Clases para la nomenclatura
|
Letra |
Tipo de aparato | Ejemplo |
|
A |
Grupos constructivos, partes de grupos constructivos. | Amplificadores, amplificadores magnéticos, láser, máser, combinaciones de aparatos. |
|
B |
Convertidores de magnitudes no eléctricas a magnitudes eléctricas y al contrario. |
Transductores, sondas termoeléctricas, termocélulas, células fotoeléctricas, dinamómetros, cristales piezoeléctricos, micrófonos, pick-up, altavoces, aparatos de campo giratorio. |
|
C |
Condensadores. | |
|
D |
Dispositivos de retardo, dispositivos de memoria, elementos binarios. |
Conductores de retardo, elementos biestables, elementos monoestables, memorias de núcleos, registradores, memorias de discos, aparatos de cintas magnéticas. |
|
E |
Diversos. |
Instalaciones de alumbrado, instalaciones de calefacción; instalaciones que no están indicadas en otro lugar de esta tabla. |
|
F |
Dispositivo de protección. | Fusibles, descargador de sobretensión, relés de protección, disparador. |
|
G |
Generadores. |
Generadores rotativos, transformadores de frecuencia rotativos, baterías, equipos de alimentación osciladores. |
|
H |
Equipos de señalización. | Aparatos de señalización ópticos y acústicos. |
|
J |
— | — |
|
K |
Relés, contactores. |
Contactores de potencia, contactores auxiliares, relés auxiliares, relés intermitentes, relés de tiempo, relés Reed. |
|
L |
Inductividad. | Bobinas de reactancia. |
|
M |
Motores. | — |
|
N |
Amplificadores, reguladores. | Circuitos integrados. |
|
P |
Instrumentos de medición, equipos de pruebas. |
Instrumentos de medición, registradores y contadores, emisores de impulsos, relojes. |
|
Q |
Aparatos de maniobra para altas intensidades. |
Interruptores de potencia, seccionadores, interruptores de protección, interruptores para protección de motores, interruptores automáticos, seccionadores bajo carga con fusibles. |
|
R |
Resistencias. |
Resistencias, potenciómetros, reostatos, shunts, resistencias, en derivación, termistores. |
|
S |
Interruptores, selectores. |
Pulsadores, interruptores de posición, interruptores de mando, conmutador – selector, selectores rotativos, adaptadores selectores, emisores de señales. |
|
T |
Transformadores. | Transformadores de tensión, transformadores de intensidad. |
|
U |
Moduladores, convertidores. |
Discriminadores, convertidores de frecuencia, demoduladores, convertidores, inversores, onduladores. |
|
V |
Válvulas, semiconductores. | Válvulas de vacío, válvulas de descarga en gases, diodos, transistores, tiristores. |
|
W |
Vías de conducción, guiaondas. |
Hilos de conexión, cables, guiaondas, acoplamientos dirigidos por guiaondas, dipolos, antenas parabólicas. |
|
X |
Bornes, clavijas, enchufes. |
Clavijas y cajas de enchufe, clavijas de pruebas, regletas de bornes, regletas de soldadura. |
|
Y |
Equipos eléctricos accionados mecánicamente. | Frenos, embragues, válvulas. |
|
Z |
Equipos de compensación, filtros limitadores. |
Circuitos para imitación de cables, reguladores dinámicos, filtros de cristal. |
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