La referencia cruzada se utiliza para ubicar rápidamente elementos dentro del conjunto de planos, especialmente aquellos elementos cuyas partes se encuentran en diferentes planos.
Ubicación por cuadricula. Referencia Cruzada
Para hacer referencia de los elementos en un plano se emplea un sistema de coordenadas basado en letras y números. Este método permiten encontrar elementos en más de una página del plano. A esto se le conoce cómo el método de la cuadricula. Se divide la hoja en espacios identificados por las letras puestas de arriba abajo en los margen laterales del papel. También se colocan números en orden de izquierda a derecha y en el margen superior e inferior del papel. El siguiente ejemplo lo ilustra:
Un contactor de arranque para un motor debe ser cableado tanto al motor como a la correspondiente salida de un PLC. Pero para efectos de planos, la tarjeta de salida y el motor aparecen en diferentes hojas del plano. La salida aparece en el plano de salidas. El motor aparece en el planos de potencia. Lo que implica que cada parte del dispositivo debe tener una referencia.
En la figura 1 se aprecia la bobina del contactor y a un lado aparecen todos los contactos asociados a esta bobina. Como se puede observar los contactos principales (terminales 1-2, 3-4, 5-6) tienen a un lado la referencia 01/2C. El número 01 corresponde al número del plano y el código 2C corresponden a las coordenadas del elemento. En la figura 2 se puede ver el plano 01 haciendo énfasis en la parte del elemento buscado. Podemos verificar que se trata del mismo elemento al observar que la nomenclatura KM101 es la misma para ambas partes. Para este caso, las letras KM en la nomenclatura corresponden a la clase, K para contactor, M para motor y el 101 corresponde al número del elemento.
Figura 1. Referecia cruzada
Figura 2. Referencia por cuadricula.
Ubicación por banda.
La ubicación por banda es similar a la ubicación por cuadricula. La referencia cruzada 01/2C (de la cuadricula) es sustituida por la referencia 1.7 para señalar el mismo elemento en la figura 3, donde el 1 es el número del plano y el número 7 corresponde a la banda.
Figura 3. Referencia por banda. referencia cruzada
Ubicación por línea.
En la siguiente figura se puede observar como el contacto KM01 de la línea 1.5 referencia a la línea 1.7, la cual contiene la bobina de ese contacto.
Figura 4. Ubicación por línea.
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