El temporizador es una instrucción salida, por eso coloca en la última posición de la línea. Hay tres tipos de temporizadores: Retardo para cerrar (TON), Retardo para abrir (TOF) y Retardo para cerrar retentivo (RTO). Cada temporizador se le configura una base de tiempo que puede ser de 1ms, 10 ms o 1 seg para la familia Micrologix 1100.
Elemento de memoria del temporizador
El archivo por defecto de los temporizadores Micrologix 1100 de Allen Bradley, es T4. Se pueden crear más archivos de temporizadores a partir del archivo 9 hasta el 255. Cada elemento de la memoria de datos asignado a los temporizadores está formado por 3 enteros de 16 bits. Un entero para el valor preseleccionado (preset). Un entero para el valor acumulado (acumulador). El último entero sólo se utilizan tres bits, denominados habilitado o enable (EN), temporizador temporizando o timer timming (TT) y hecho o done (DN). A continuación se describen las partes de cada elemento para los TON.
Valor Preseleccionado.
El valor preseleccionado se multiplica por la base de tiempo del temporizador para especificar el tiempo de temporización. La dirección para los valores preseleccionado es de la siguiente forma: T#del_archivo:#de_elemento.pre, por ejemplo T4:0.pre. También se puede saber el valor de cualquiera de los 16 bits del valor preseleccionado añadiendo a la dirección la extensión /#del_bit al final. Por ejemplo T4:0.pre/5 se refiere al bit 5 del valor preseleccionado del primer temporizador del archivo T4.
Valor acumulado.
El valor acumulado especifica el tiempo del temporizador desde el momento que se habilitó a hasta el momento actual. La dirección para los acumuladores es de la siguiente forma: T#del_archivo:#de_elemento.acc, por ejemplo T4:0.acc. También se puede saber el valor de cualquiera de los 16 bits del valor del acumulador añadiendo a la dirección la extensión /#del_bit al final.Por ejemplo T4:0.acc/5 se refiere al bit 5 del acumulador del primer temporizador del archivo T4.
Bit Habilitado.
Se coloca a 1 cuando la línea es verdadera, indica que el temporizador está habilitado. La dirección para estos bits es de la siguiente forma: T#del_archivo:#de_elemento/EN, por ejemplo T4:0/EN.
Bit temporizador temporizando.
Se coloca a 1 en el intervalo de tiempo que ocurre entre la habilitación del temporizador y el momento en que el valor acumulado alcanza al valor preseleccionado. La dirección para estos bits es de la siguiente forma: T#del_archivo:#de_elemento/TT, por ejemplo T4:0/TT.
Bit Hecho.
Se coloca a 1 si el valor acumulado es igual al valor preseleccionado y el temporizador está habilitado. La dirección para estos bits es de la siguiente forma: T#del_archivo:#de_elemento/DN, por ejemplo T4:0/DN.
Funcionamiento
Cuando el temporizador es deshabilitado, todos los enteros y bits del elemento van a cero. El siguiente diagrama de tiempo ilustra el funcionamiento del temporizador.
Diagrama escalera del temporizador
Diagrama de tiempo del temporizador
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