Los planos eléctricos describen diferentes aspectos de los sistemas. En general agrupan elementos relacionados o similares de los diferentes aspectos. De esta forma podemos encontrar los siguientes tipos de planos en un mismo conjunto de planos:
Tipos de Planos
Alimentación General.
Estos planos describen la alimentación eléctrica y todos los sub circuitos que se derivan de la alimentación principal. Estas derivaciones van a alimentar a los diferentes elementos eléctricos y de control que componen el sistema que se está representando. En estos planos es común encontrar elementos tales como transformadores, interruptores, fusibles, protecciones magnéticas (breakers), fuentes de poder, conductores con alimentación trifásica entre otros.
Plano de alimentación general.
Planos de Potencia.
En los planos de potencia se muestra la interconexión de los elementos que consumen mayor cantidad de potencia en el sistema, típicamente motores eléctricos. Usualmente contienen elementos tales como: motores, protecciones termo magnéticas (guardamotores), fusibles, protecciones magnéticas (breakers), térmicos, contactores (arrancadores), variadores de frecuencia, servo drives, arrancadores suaves, el sistema trifásico de alimentación entre otros.
Plano de potencia.
Planos de Mando.
Los planos de mando o de control, describen la lógica de contacto del sistema. A veces esta lógica está destinada a gobernar los elementos mostrados en los planos de potencia. Usualmente contienen elementos tales como: botones, selectores, luces pilotos, bobinas (de válvulas o relés), contactos abiertos o cerrados (de relés o sensores) entre otros. La figura muestra un ejemplo de un diagrama de mando.
Planos de mando.
Planos de entrada y salidas.
Los sistemas que contienen controladores como PLCs, el juego de plano incluyes planos de entradas y planos de salida. Los planos de entrada muestran las conexiones que van desde el campo al controlador, típicamente botones, selectores y contactos. En los planos de salida se pueden observar las conexiones que van desde el controlador al campo, típicamente bobinas y luces pilotos.
Planos de entradas.
Plano de salidas.
Planos de alimentación.
En los planos de alimentación se muestra como algunos elementos toman la alimentación de los sub circuitos descritos en el plano de alimentación general, los elementos a los que normalmente hace referencia este plano son sensores, fuentes de poder, interfaz de operación, controladores entre otros.
Planos de alimentación de equipos.
Planos de borneras.
Estos planos muestran un detalle de la conexión de cada conjunto de bornas involucradas en el sistema.
Plano de bornas.
Planos de armario.
Los planos de armario muestra la distribución de los elementos en los armarios.
Plano de armario.
Plano de red.
En el plano de red se muestra la conexión de los nodos en las diferentes redes del sistema.
Diagrama eléctrico de red.
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